A DollyA converter dolly that is towed from a single hitch on the centerline of the towing unit. |
A TrainA combination vehicle consisting of a tractor and semi-trailer coupled to one or two full trailers, which are fitted with single drawbars. Most commonly, the full trailers are comprised of semi-trailers coupled to A Dolly converter. |
Accessorial ServiceA service rendered by a carier in addition to a transportation service, such as heating, storage, packing pre-cooling, etc. |
Air Freedom RightsNegotiated priveleges, between countries, that allows for foreign airlines to fly over, land in or out of another country. These freedoms were initially developed in 1944 and currently consist of nine (9). Further information, including pictures, can be found at http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch3en/conc3en/airfreedom.html |
Axle WeightAmount of weight carried by one axle. |
B TrainA combination vehicle consisting of a tractor and two or three semi-trailers, where each towed trailer is hitched to a fifth wheel on the frame of the preceding trailer. Courtesy of Transport Canada |
BackhaulTo handle a shipment in the direction of the lighter traffic flow between two points or areas. |
BaileeOne to whom goods are entrusted. |
BailmentDelivery of goods in trust from one party to the other for a purpose, such as storage, in the expectation that the goods will be returned when the purpose is accomplised. Fixing responsibility for safekeeping. |
Bill of LadingA contract for the carriage of goods. A bill of lading has three purposes:
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Billed WeightThe weight of a shipment as shown on the freight bill; not necessarily the actual weight. |
Bob TailDriving the tractor without pulling a trailer. |
Break BulkTo separate a composite load into individual shipments and route to different destinations |
Brokera) A person who arranges for transportation of loads for a percentage of the revenue from the load. b) An owner-operator |
Bulk FreightFreight not in packages or individual containers, but contained only by the structure and body of the truck or trailer. |
BulkheadA structure used to protect against shifting cargo and/or to separate the load. |
Carrier's LienThe right of a carrier to retain property which it has transported as security for the collection of charges due on that shipment. |
ClaimA demand made upon a transportation company for payment, due to loss or damage of freight, alleged to have occurred while shipment was in possession of the carrier. |
Class I RailwayAs determined by the Surface Transportation Board, a railway with annual operating revenues that exceed a threshold indexed to a base of $250 million in 1991 dollars. According to Statistics Canada, there are three Class I railways in Canada: Canadian National (CN) and Canadian Pacific Railway(CPR) in freight transportation and VIA Rail Canada in passenger rail. |
Class II RailwaysA railway whose operating revenues are between $40 million to $250 million. Class II rail-ways include the two regional railways in BC and Ontario and all short lines |
CODCash on Delivery (for value of goods). |
COFCContainer on (rail) flatcar. A form of intermodal movement of freight. |
COFC.Container On Flat Car. |
CollectA term used to designate that the consignee (receiver) is responsible for the freight charges. |
Collection on Delivery (COD)An accessorial service whereby the carrier collects an amount from the consignee, for the goods themselves (i.e., the purchase price of the goods) , before delivery of the freight, and remits that amount to the shipper or designated party. The amount to be collected is determined by the shipper and stated on the bill of lading. |
CommodityThe goods shipped. |
Common CarrierA transportation business that offers service to the general public for compensation. |
Common lawThat system of law that does not get its authority from any express statute, but derives its force and authority from consent, custom and precendented usage. |
Concealed DamageDamage to the goods shipped not readily apparent by viewing the outside packaging (carton, crate, box, etc). Damage to contents of a package that is apparently in good condition externally. |
Conecting CarrierA carrier who has a direct connection with another carrier, under which freight is moved in jointline service. |
ConsigneeThe individual or organization to whom freight is shipped. |
ConsignorThe individual or organization who ships the freight (i.e., the Shipper). |
ConsolidationThe gathering together of diverse lots into one combined shipment. |
ContainerizationA shipping system based upon large cargo-carrying containers that can be easily interchanged between trucks, trains, and ships, without the rehandling of contents. Standard container lengths are 6 metres (20 feet) and 12 metres (40 feet). Dry Container |
Cost CenterA department set up within a company with its own budget and performance criteria, and where all departmental costs are allocated against its operation. |
Cwt.Hundredweight (U.S. & Canada 100 lbs., U.K. 112 lbs.). |
Dangerous GoodsArticles or substances which are capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety or property when transported. |
Dead HeadingRunning empty.(Tractor trailer) |
DeadheadA person who rides with a driver and is paid. |
Declared ValueThe value of the goods as stated on the Bill of Lading by the shipper. |
DemurrageThe detention of a shipment beyond its specified time resulting in the payment for detention. |
DensityThe weight of an article per cubic unit of measurement; the ratio of mass to bulk or volume. |
DiversionA change made in the route of a shipment while in transit. |
DunnageMaterial used in stowing cargo either for separation or for prevention of damage. |
ExtraprovincialOperating between the provinces and into the United States. |
Fifth WheelA device used to connect a truck tractor to a semi-trailer that permits articulation (turning of the units relative to each other in the horizontal plane) between the units. It is generally composed of a trunnion plate and latching mechanism mounted on the truck tractor, and a king-pin assemble mounted on the semi-trailer. Coutesty of : Kenworth (http://www.kenworth.com/6100_pre_mor.asp?file=1513) |
FOBFree On Board. Loaded aboard a carrier's vehicle and at which point the responsibiltiy for risk and expense (ownership) passes from seller to buyer. Example:a) For a shipment sent FOB origin, Toronto to Fredericton, the transfer of ownership passes to the buyer once the freight is loaded onto the carrier's vehicle. |
Free On BoardLoaded aboard a carrier's vehicle and at which point the responsibiltiy for risk and expense (ownership) passes from seller to buyer. Example:a) For a shipment sent FOB origin, Toronto to Fredericton, the transfer of ownership passes to the buyer once the freight is loaded onto the crrier's vehicle.b) If the same shipment is sent FOB destination, the transfer of ownership does not happen until the freight is unloaded at the receiver's (consignee). |
Free TimeThe period allowed the owner to accept delivery before storage or detention charges begin to accrue. |
Gathering LinesPipelines that bring crude oil from the fields to the storage area for processing. |
Glad HandsAir hose brake system connections between tractor and trailer. |
GladhandsFittings for connection of air brake lines between vehicles. Vacuum brake hose connectors are also called hose couplings. |
Gross WeightAs applied to a truck, the weight of a truck together with the weight of its entire contents. |
Heated ServiceFreight carriage on a truck with heating equipment to protect freight that would otherwise be damaged by freezing. |
I.A.T.A.International Air Transport Association. |
I.C.A.O.International Civil Aviation Organization. |
InterlineBetween two or more transportation lines. Also known as "joint haul". |
Interline FreightFreight which moves from point of origin to destination over the lines of two or more transportation companies. |
Intermodal TransportationTransportation movement involving more than one mode, e.g., rail-road, road-air, or rail-water. |
InterprovincialOperating between provinces. |
IntraprovincialOperating within one province. |
K.D.F.Knocked Down Flat. |
KingpinA metal pin located on a plate mounted on the underside of the frame of a semi-trailer, which couples with the locking mechanism of a fifth wheel to permit towing. |
land bridgeA term associated with international freight, where the freight arrives by ocean carrier on one coast (Atlantic or Pacific), is transported across the continent by rail or truck, and is then loaded back on an ocean carrier for furtherance to another country. |
Log BookA book carried and kept by truck drivers conatining daily records of hours, routes, etc. travelled. |
ManifestA document giving a description of a ship's cargo or the contents of a car or truck. |
mini bridgeA term associated with international freight, where freight arrives by ocean carrier on one coast (Atlantic or Pacific) and is then transported by rail (or truck) to destinations on the other coast (as opposed to an all ocean transport through the Panama Canal). |
National Energy BoardThe Canadian agency reponsible for regulating interprovincial and international pipelines. |
NAV CanadaThe private sector company responsible for the operation of Canada's civil air navigation service (ANS). NAV CANADA co-ordinates the safe and efficient movement of aircraft in Canadian domestic airspace and international airspace assigned to Canadian control. Through its coast-to-coast operations, NAV CANADA provides air traffic control, flight information services including weather briefings and airport advisory services, and air navigation and approach aids. Source: http://www.navcanada.ca/ |
NestedPacked one within another. |
NMFCNational Motor Freight Classification (U.S.) |
NOINot Otherwise Indexed. |
NOIBNNot Otherwise Indexed By Name. |
Operating RatioA standard industry term to set out in a percentange the relationship of total operating costs to total income. Example: If the total costs for a year are $385,000 and the total reveue for the same year is $400,000, then the operating ratio is 0.9625 (or 96.25%). An OR greater than 1.0 represents and operating lose. An OR less than 1.0 represents and operating profit. |
OS&D.Over Short & Damage. |
OverageAn excess of quantity over that shown on a bill of lading. |
OWBOver Without Bill (of lading). |
P&DPickup and Delivery (of freight). |
PiggybackThe transportation of truck trailers and containers on railway flatcars. |
PrepaidA term used to designate that the shipper (consignor) is responsible for the freight charges (or a 3rd party identified by the shipper). |
Profit CenterA department set up within a company where the department charges for its service (to its customers which are other departments within the same company). In transportation, a private fleet set up as a profit center will compare income versus cost, and will compare its performance against commerical carriers. |
Pup-TrailerA short semi-trailer used jointly with a dolly and another semi-trailer to create a twin trailer. |
quid pro quoA mutual consideration, something for something. |
ReeferSlang for insulated trailer equipped with refrigerating facilities. |
Standard Classification of Transported GoodsThe Standard Classification of Transported Goods (SCTG) consists of a blend of transportation characteristics, commodity similarities, and industry-of-origin considerations, designed to create statistically significant categories. It is a structured list that is defined at its less-detailed levels according to the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS), and at more-detailed levels, according to patterns of industrial activity. Other factors in the definition of categories were transportation considerations such as volume, revenue, value, origin, and destination. Source: Stats Canada |
STBThe Surface Transportation Board, the U.S. agency responsible for various economic regulation of railroads, motor carriers, motor carrier freight brokers, water carriers, freight forwarders, and pipelines. This agency replaced the ICC (the Intersate Commerce Commission). |
Stop in TransitThe process of stopping en route to partially load, unload or perform another service. |
SubrogationThe succession or substitution of one person or thing by or for another. |
Tare Weightthe weight of a container and the material used for packing. As applied to a car or truckload, it is the weight of the vehicle exclusive of its contents. |
TEUTwenty-foot Equivalent Units (containers). |
TOFCTrailer on a rail flat car (a form of piggyback). |
Tractor-TrailerA tractor hauling a trailer; also called a "Rig". |
Trunk LinesPipelines used for long-distance movement of crude oil to distant refrineries, or for movement of refined products. |
UN NumberThe four-digit number assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods to identify a substance or a particular group of substances (Dangerous Goods.) |
viaBy way of. |